Unit 4 Project Advance Directives - 936 Words

In your project this week, you will explore advanced directives, torts and your role in healthcare while respecting patient’s rights. You will be evaluated on each project on the accuracy of your responses, the completeness of your responses, your ability to think critically about each situation and your overall writing ability. Your responses to the questions below should be constructed in complete sentences using proper grammar, spelling and punctuation. In addition to the grading standards found in the syllabus, projects will also be graded on accuracy and application of course materials. Each answer should be at least one paragraph in length, include supporting facts from the textbook, and an in-text citation. Your project†¦show more content†¦You as a professional can give them the pros and cons and the benefits and risks of all situations at hand. 7. If surgery was performed on the patient without his consent, what type of tort would you classify this action as? (assault, battery, fraud, defamation of character, false imprisonment or invasion of privacy) Why? The proper tort for complete failure of consent is called battery. Battery is intentional unpermitted touching. It boils down to is the healthcare professional needs to discuss with patient and get consent. 8. Would you classify the action to be an intentional or unintentional tort? Why? The action is an intentional tort. This means doing a civil wrong and validating a legal duty to another party. 9. Would this be considered a matter of civil or criminal law? Why? Civil law deals with breaches. Crimes are prosecuted by the state. The problem is civil tort law has a wide variety of legal claims. Assault, battery, trespass, and theft are all types of intentional tort civil law. 10. If this situation were to result in a lawsuit, what type of statute would determine how much time the patient would have to file a claim? How much time would a patient have to file a claim in the state in which you reside? Every state has its limits on filing a claim. ThisShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Performance : The Role Of Cultural Differences1462 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will explain how the challenge of the best performances project reported on this special issue to identify which human resource performances stood out transversely which countries and why. It will be determined as the universal best performances, or virtuously situation detailed performances that were pointless out of ethnic backgrounds. Such studies de facto mandate deliberation of a quantity of background, ethnic, and administrative variables. The research predicaments related withinRead MoreHow To Dissimilar Motivational Influence For Personnel In Work?1621 Words   |  7 Pages they take accomplishment to create the revelation announcement emanated factual. (Heathfield, 2017). As I have acquired the head leadership position, I have set the following motivation profiles for my employees, Melanie, Patrick, and Tom. UNIT III CASE STUDY 3 Melanie’s motivation profile When I confronted her regarding her social media surfing and her desire not to promote, she was determined that she had no one to reflect on in the organization. As her supervisorRead MoreTotal Compensation Strategy1105 Words   |  5 PagesLocal The framework of the total compensation strategy: performance, results and market The development of a total compensation strategy creates and influences a collective culture, offers corporation- and company-wide shared rules and directives, advances the implementation of the business strategy and promotes performance and results orientation. A total compensation strategy should take into account the following elements and orientation points:  » Fixing a value-based company managementRead MoreA Comparative Study of Lending Performance of the Commercial Banks36288 Words   |  146 PagesStudy 1 2. Status of Financial Sector in Nepal 3 3. NRB and Financial Institutions: An overview 5 4. Brief Introduction to Commercial Banks 11 5. Focus of the Study 11 6. Profile of the Concerned Banks 12 1. Everest Bank Limited 12 2. Himalayan Bank Limited 13 3. Nabil Bank Limited 13 4. Nepal Investment Bank Limited 14 7. Statement of the Problems 15 8. Objectives of the Study 16 Read MoreDeveloping Strategic Management And Leadership Skills4380 Words   |  18 Pages â€Æ' Table of Contents Developing Strategic Management Leadership skills 0 Introduction 2 Company Profile 3 Task 1 Relationship between Strategic Management Leadership 4 A. Strategic Management Leadership 4 Core Values 5 Mission 5 Management Styles 6 B. Impact of strategic management /leadership on strategic decision 7 C. Leadership skills 7 Task 2 Management Leadership Theories 8 A. Management Leadership Theories in organisational Strategy 8 Leadership styles 9 B. Impact of Leadership TheoriesRead MoreAdvanced Nursing Practice1223 Words   |  5 Pagespractice grounded by masters level education with a common goal of autonomy and service and self-development (RCN 2012), (Mantzoukas Watkinson 2006), (Prime Ministers Commission 2010). Similarly in the UK the introduction of the European working time directive to reduce junior doctors’ working hours, resulted in a gap in the workforce and recommended significant changes in ways of working including effective use on non-medical practitioners (Calman 1993), (DOH 2003), (DOH 2005), (NHS Modernisation AgencyRead MoreUsing Short Term Group Psychotherapy As An Evidence Based Intervention For First Time Mothers At Risk For Postpartum Depression1375 Words   |  6 Pages Evidence Based Practice Project Nursing 2050 – Spring 2016 - Lisa S. Gebler Article Title: Using Short-Term Group Psychotherapy as an Evidence-Based Intervention for First-Time Mothers at Risk for Postpartum Depression Authors: Richard A. Pessagno, DNP, RN, APN-C, CGP, and Diane Hunker, PhD, MBA, RN As Published in: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care ISSN 0031-5990, a journal for advanced psychiatric nursing. The problem this article looks at is postpartum depression, specifically with first-timeRead MoreImmanuel Kants Ethical View On Health Care2117 Words   |  9 Pagesdignity National center argues that having the death with dignity law provides a peace of mind to the terminally ill. Arguments against legalizing euthanasia or PAS include; 1. Immanuel Kant’s ethical view on autonomy and ability to choose your moral projects indicates that; it’s a duty to pursue your happiness through the use of reason, as long as you’re not lying, breaking your promises, or committing suicide, however does not really look at physician assisted suicides in case one has a terminal illnessRead MoreLo Loan For Salt Production Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesthe customers. Card-holders of the bank have access to more than 4100 ATMs,including 15 of its own and have the privilege to use more than 5,000 point of sales (POS). Considering customer service expansion along with promoting goodwill of the bank, projects have been undertaken to increase the number of ATMs. In 2014, the number of debit and credit cardholders was 1761 and 632 respectively. The table below shows the increase of number of both debit and credit card holders.Services for Non-Resident BangladeshisRead MoreInternal Control over Cash Payment and Receipts in the Case of Addis Ababa Housing Construction Project Office Lideta Branch3401 Words   |  14 Pagesorganization Establishment Addis Ababa Housing Construction Project Office (AAHCPO) is one of the Units administered by the City Government of Addis Ababa. The Project Office is an independent unit empowered by the City Government to construct standardized houses using cost effective technologies in the existing and expansion areas of the City. As indicated in the directive No 1/2001 (E.C.) article 6 with reference to the Project Office Establishment Proclamation No 15/2004 article 10, the main

The Importance Of Biology - 753 Words

Background Survey/Significance Living cells maintain their life by using epigenetic transcriptional memory to respond to their changing environmental stimuli (D’Urso and Brickner, 2014). Epigenetic transcriptional memory phenomenon causes changes in chromatin structure, allowing cells to have a rapid transcriptional response to an environmental stimulus that they have previously experienced (D’Urso and Brickner, 2016). Transcriptional memory is prominent in eukaryotic cells because multicellular eukaryotes have vast, complicated genomes that are organized into numerous chromosomes, compared to smaller prokaryotic genomes. Eukaryotes regulate gene expression by either limiting the amount of mRNA created from a gene or post-transcriptional†¦show more content†¦These experimental results can be connected to the transcriptional memory in yeast, which usually likes to use glucose as its main source of energy. However, when placed in galactose, the yeast must transcr ibe a gene called Gal1 that codes for galactokinase enzyme, which phosphorylates galactose into glucose. When this stress is reintroduced, the yeast strain that had previously transcribed the Gal1 gene is able to grow faster than strains that have not been introduced to galactose. Although these results reveal that these modifications make an impact on transcriptional memory, there is little research on what these modifications are. This research project focuses on modifying the 3rd and 4th histone tails and their impact on Gal1 transcriptional memory. By studying transcriptional memory, we can apply this memory mechanism into slowing down the process of cancer cell growth or induce the growth of healthy cells. Specific Aims/Hypothesis The first aim of this research project is to elicit mutations of the amino acids in the histone tails and create mutated yeast strains. This is done to determine how the chromatin packaging through mutations of the histone tails impacted Gal1 transcriptional long and short-term memory. The second aim is to create a chimeric Gal1/mCherry/neo exogenous DNA strand and insert it into the yeast genomes to form genetic modified yeast colonies (wild type,Show MoreRelatedImportance Of Cell Biology1122 Words   |  5 Pagesand a half now, I have entered a more intensive research environment by working as research associate in the LaBarge Lab with the intention of working towards curing breast cancer. My regular routine runs the gamut of activities expected in a cell biology lab: feeding, passaging, expanding, and freezing cell strains grown in our lab; FACS sorting cells based on lineage specific surface markers; immunofluorescence imaging; gene expression analysis. As a research associate, I also make stock solutionsRead MoreThe Importance Of Cells In Biology1000 Words   |  4 PagesTHE Cellular process is bad for health are made and ran by the expression of more than one genes in a network of same complicated signaling pathways, staying of many physical and functional interactions.not like the stable genome structure, the moving represents a gigantic challenge for the quantitative mapping out protein interactions . The circuit includes nuclear receptors, dna binding proteins and processes. Genome variation includes somatic and inherited mutations,Each human cellRead MoreThe Importance Of Genes In Biology768 Words   |  4 Pages1. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is considered a genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents after reproduction (Simon, E.J. (2017). Biology: The Core (2nd Edition). Retrieved from https://etext.pearson.com). This acid, DNA, is what instructs RNA, or ribonucleic acid, to produce proteins. Moreover, both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which are information storage molecules that contain instructions, both of these nucleic acids contain some common features as well as differences. AfterRead MoreThe Importance of Biology in the Study of Psychology Essay991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Biology in the Study of Psychology Ashley B. McVey Cecil College Abstract Whether it is the study of biopsychology and other fields of psychology or neuroscience, all psychologists and scientists are trying to understand the functions of the brain. The body and mind connection and how it reacts to certain behaviors or illnesses. Most all psychological functioning can be reduced to underlying brain processes. This should serve as reason alone as to why biology plays anRead MoreThe Importance Of Rnas In Molecular Biology741 Words   |  3 PagesA lot has been discovered in the world of molecular biology especially revelations of the RNA world. Non-coding RNAs form a major part of it. A lot more of the human genome is transcribed than as initially thought and regulation is one of the major processes the non-coding RNAs (which though transcribed do not end up producing proteins) perform. These regulatory RNAs can be small like miRNAs, siRNAs, snRNAs of the spliceosome, snoRNAs for large RNA processing etc. or they can be long as in the caseRead MoreImportance Of The Reproductive Neurendocrine Prochans In Biology1474 Words   |  6 Pagesthe pituitary was significantly decreased in the vaccinated rams. The destruction of hypothalamic GNRH input either by passive anti-GNRH immunization or GNRH antagonist reduced GNRHR mRNA and protein concentrations in the pituitary, suggesting the importance of continued GNRH stimulation to maintain pituitary GNRHR level. This implies reduced expressions of GNRH receptor lessen the responsiveness of the pituitary to GNRH stimulation. Therefore, kisspeptin stimulates GNRH secretion through GNRH neuronsRead MoreThe Importance of the Biology/Society Dualism to the Gendered Body2250 Words   |  9 PagesThe Importance of the Biology/Society Dualism to the Gendered Body The body has played an important part in sociology to explain the differences between the two sexes, and why these differences exist. A lot of social debate is about the relationship between the biological and the social. At one end of the debate there are those who see activities such as sexual behaviour entirely based on biology, they are called biological determinists who argue that there is biological Read MoreThe Effect Of Data Analysis On The Importance Of Cells In Biology853 Words   |  4 PagesNow according to micronucleus formation was marginally reduced after NA supplementation and can be shown in fig 18 suggesting a slightly better preservation on overall genomic stability. The difference in those two cells is because of NAD+ level available in stimulated phase, which overall constrains the repair activity of proliferating cells. So based on the overall data analysis further usage of NA could be conceivable as we showed in the application of lower concentration of NA of 15  µM NAD+ precursorRead MoreImportance Of Synthetic Biology : High-Technology Perishable Designs952 Words   |  4 PagesHigh-tech Perishable Designs - Synthetic Biology Our journey of moving from homogenous to heterogeneous, from bio-mimicry to synthetic biology, of rationally engineer microorganisms dates back to 1990s. Synthetic biology—unlike chemistry—is involved in the technical alteration of animate nature. Building on recent advances in genetic science and technology, synthetic biology aims to understand the molecular fundamentals of the metabolic and reproductive functions of simple single-cell organisms preciselyRead MoreThe Calcagno And Goodman Articles798 Words   |  4 Pagestrajectories and conclusions. The goal is to bring together biology and anthropology, and encourage cross-disciplinary research and holism within all of anthropologies sub-fields. They both recognize the importance and significance of holism, that has been lacking in the past of anthropology and how this should be improved upon in the future for the benefit of all of human health research. The pair differs in terms of the specifics of how to integrate biology and anthropology. Calcagno focuses on the holistic

Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis Paper Free Essays

Through the Doors of High School Bullying – something that happens every day in high schools, but yet people do not always acknowledge what goes on. According to the article Bully Facts Statistics, 56% of students have personally witnessed some type of bullying at school. Bullying exceedingly affects a person. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whether it comes to a stop or not, the person harassed will never have the same mentality. In William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies, a plane crashes on a deserted island and all that remains is a group of boys. No adults – young boys all alone. Throughout the novel the children have leadership roles and rules in order for their continued existence. The experience a person has while on the island is how they reach their goal – survival. Lord of the Flies is a classic because it is seen as a metaphor for high school in this contemporary era because of the struggle for power that is showed through the setting, the characters, and the symbols. Golding uses the scar on the island as a part of the setting to relate to high school. No matter if the boys abscond from the island, the mark will still exist similar to a student’s reputation in high school. The scar in the novel is the scene where the plane crash emerges. This is the characteristics of the scar after the crash: â€Å"The undergrowth of the side of the scar was shaken and a multitude of raindrops fell pattering† (7). A scar literally means leaving a mark on something. The popular crowd in high school ensures an easier time of leaving a positive impact on the school, because they have additional power over the other students. This is an example of students struggling for power. Besides the popular crowd, everyone else has a hard time of gaining their power and making an impact on the school. A person will never forget about their experience in high school just like the boys will never overlook the effects of the plane crash that happened in Lord of the Flies on the island. From the novel Lord of the Flies, Piggy’s characteristics remain not all that different from high school students. Early on in the novel, when Piggy and Ralph first meet, Piggy states, ‘†I don’t care what they call me,† he said confidentially, ‘â€Å"so long as they don’t call me what they used to call me at school†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (11). Piggy’s declaration refers to how he accustomed to be treated back home. Piggy’s heavyset body and nerdy glasses causes constant harassment directed towards him. Contrary, high school students remain not all that different. Whether in high school or Lord of the Flies, name calling can really get to a person. The students that get picked on constantly are the ones that struggle the most at gaining power. The students that pick on others are the ones that contain the most power. On the island, a social stance takes place. Ralph and Jack are the leaders while the litluns follow them. Piggy remains the outcast. In schools the bullies, usually the jocks, tend to pick on the nerds. Although Piggy was known as the outcast, he had brains. â€Å"But Piggy, for all his ludicrous body, had brains. Ralph was a specialist in thought now, and could recognize thought in another (78). † Piggy was smarter than most of the others; that was part of the reason of why he stood out. Similarly, high school students judge to quickly. Again, that is a big part of why bullying takes place at school. Because Piggy is smarter than the others, it causes him to struggle the most for power. He is seen differently than the others and judged for it. Furthermore, possessions parallel materialistic possessions of people in high school. In the novel, the conch is used as an important object to the boys. Towards the end of the book when Roger rolls a boulder on Piggy, â€Å"The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist† (181). In Lord of the Flies, the conch symbolizes power. The conch represents order; it keeps the boys in line. Similar to high school, the conch represents power like students’ possessions. By having expensive clothes, it symbolizes richness, coolness, and popularity. Ralph a leader in the novel, uses the conch to gain his power. But Ralph eventually loses his power. â€Å"The space under the palm trees was full of noise and movement. Ralph was on his feet too, shouting for quiet, but no one heard him. All at once the crowd swayed toward the island and was gone – following Jack (38). † This is like high school because everyone fights for their power. Ralph represents society and in order for them to maintain their societal image; Ralph guides the boys by making rules. The conch calls the group to meetings and remains exceedingly important to the boys – especially Ralph. After giving the boys false information for a period of time, the boys turn to Jack as their leader instead of Ralph. Therefore, Lord of the Flies is a classic because it persists as a metaphor for high school in this contemporary era because of the struggle for power showed through the setting, the characters, and the symbols. In Lord of the Flies people have to deal with bullying every day. All because of the social groups that take place and the power that comes along with it. Always remember – bullying will proceed to exist in high schools but if a person does not let it bother them then it will not be as affective. How to cite Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis Paper, Papers

1. THE EMBODIMENT OF TAO Essay Example For Students

1. THE EMBODIMENT OF TAO Essay Even the finest teaching is not the Tao itself. Even the finest name is insufficient to define it. Without words, the Tao can be experienced, and without a name, it can be known. To conduct ones life according to the Tao, is to conduct ones life without regrets; to realize that potential within oneself which is of benefit to all. Though words or names are not required to live ones life this way, to describe it, words and names are used, that we might better clarify the way of which we speak, without confusing it with other ways in which an individual might choose to live. Through knowledge, intellectual thought and words, the manifestations of the Tao are known, but without such intellectual intent we might experience the Tao itself. Both knowledge and experience are real, but reality has many forms, which seem to cause complexity. By using the means appropriate, we extend ourselves beyond the barriers of such complexity, and so experience the Tao. Up to Ind ex 2. LETTING GO OF COMPARISONS We cannot know the Tao itself, nor see its qualities direct, but only see by differentiation, that which it manifests. Thus, that which is seen as beautiful is beautiful compared with that which is seen as lacking beauty; an action considered skilled is so considered in comparison with another, which seems unskilled. That which a person knows he has is known to him by that which he does not have, and that which he considers difficult seems so because of that which he can do with ease. One thing seems long by comparison with that which is, comparatively, short. One thing is high because another thing is low; only when sound ceases is quietness known, and that which leads is seen to lead only by being followed. In comparison, the sage, in harmony with the Tao, needs no comparisons, and when he makes them, knows that comparisons are judgements, and just as relative to he who makes them, and to the situation, as they are to th at on which the judgement has been made. Through his experience, the sage becomes aware that all things change, and that he who seems to lead, might also, in another situation, follow. So he does nothing; he neither leads nor follows. That which he does is neither big nor small; without intent, it is neither difficult, nor done with ease. His task completed, he then lets go of it; seeking no credit, he cannot be discredited. Thus, his teaching lasts for ever, and he is held in high esteem. Up to Index 3. WITHOUT SEEKING ACCLAIM By retaining his humility, the talented person who is also wise, reduces rivalry. The person who possesses many things, but does not boast of his possessions, reduces temptation, and reduces stealing. Those who are jealous of the skills or things possessed by others, most easily themselves become possessed by envy. Satisfied with his possessions, the sage eliminates the need to steal; at one with the Tao, he remains free of envy, and has no need of titles. By being supple, he retains his energy. He minimizes his desires, and does not train himself in guile, nor subtle words of praise. By not contriving, he retains the harmony of his inner world, and so remains at peace within himself. It is for reasons such as these, that an administration which is concerned with the welfare of those it serves, does not encourage status and titles to be sought, nor encourage rivalry. Ensuring a sufficiency for all, helps in reducing discontent. Administrators who are wise do not seek honours for themselves, nor act with guile towards the ones they serve. Up to Index 4. THE UNFATHOMABLE TAO It is the nature of the Tao, that even though used continuously, it is replenished naturally, never being emptied, and never being over-filled, as is a goblet which spills its contents upon the ground. The Tao therefore cannot be said to waste its charge, but constantly remains a source of nourishment for those who are not so full of self as to be unable to partake of it. When tempered beyond its natural state, the finest blade will lose its edge. Even the hardest tempered sword, against water, is of no avail, and will shatter if struck against a rock. When untangled by a cutting edge, the cord in little pieces lies, and is of little use. Just as the finest swordsmith tempers the finest blade with his experience, so the sage, with wisdom, tempers intellect. With patience, tangled cord may be undone, and problems which seem insoluble, resolved. With wise administrators, all can exist in unity, each with the other, because no man need feel that he exists, only as the shadow of his brilliant brother. Through conduct not contrived for gain, awareness of the Tao may be maintained. This is how its mysteries may be found. Up to Index 5. WITHOUT INTENTION Nature acts without intent, so cannot be described as acting with benevolence, nor malevolence to any thing. In this respect, the Tao is just the same, though in reality it should be said that nature follows the rule of Tao. Therefore, even when he seems to act in manner kind or benevolent, the sage is not acting with such intent, for in conscious matters such as these, he is amoral and indifferent. The sage retains tranquility, and is not by speech or thought disturbed, and even less by action which is contrived. His actions are spontaneous, as are his deeds towards his fellow men. By this means he is empty of desire, and his energy is not drained from him. Up to Index 6. COMPLETION Like the sheltered, fertile valley, the meditative mind is still, yet retains its energy. Since both energy and stillness, of themselves, do not have form, it is not through the senses that they may be found, nor understood by intellect alone, although, in nature, both abound. In the meditative state, the mind ceases to differentiate between existences, and that which may or may n ot be. It leaves them well alone, for they exist, not differentiated, but as one, within the meditative mind. Up to Index 7. SHEATHING THE LIGHT When living by the Tao, awareness of self is not required, for in this way of life, the self exists, and is also non-existent, being conceived of, not as an existentiality, nor as non-existent. The sage does not contrive to find his self, for he knows that all which may be found of it, is that which it manifests to sense and thought, which side by side with self itself, is nought. It is by sheathing intellects bright light that the sage remains at one with his own self, ceasing to be aware of it, by placing it behind. Detached, he is unified with his external world, by being selfless he is fulfilled; thus his selfhood is assured. Up to Index 8. THE WAY OF WATER Great good is said to be like water, sustaining life with no conscious striving, flowing naturally, providing nourishment, found even in places which des iring man rejects. In this way it is like the Tao itself. Like water, the sage abides in a humble place; in meditation, without desire; in thoughtfulness, he is profound, and in his dealings, kind. In speech, sincerity guides the man of Tao, and as a leader, he is just. In management, competence is his aim, and he ensures the pacing is correct. Because he does not act for his own ends, nor cause unnecessary conflict, he is held to be correct in his actions towards his fellow man. Up to Index 9. WITHOUT EXTREMES The cup is easier to hold when not filled to overflowing. The blade is more effective if not tempered beyond its mettle. Gold and jade are easier to protect if possessed in moderation. He who seeks titles, invites his own downfall. The sage works quietly, seeking neither praise nor fame; completing what he does with natural ease, and then retiring. This is the way and nature of Tao. Up to Index 10. CLEANING THE DARK MIRROR Maintaining unity is virtuous, for the inner world of thought is one with the external world of action and of things. The sage avoids their separation, by breathing as the sleeping babe, and thus maintaining harmony. He cleans the dark mirror of his mind, so that it reflects without intent. He conducts himself without contriving, loving the people, and not interfering. He cultivates without possessing, thus providing nourishment, he remains receptive to changing needs, and creates without desire. By leading from behind, attending to that which must be done, he is said to have attained the mystic state. Up to Index 11. THE UTILITY OF NON-EXISTENCE Though thirty spokes may form the wheel, it is the hole within the hub which gives the wheel utility. It is not the clay the potter throws, which gives the pot its usefulness, but the space within the shape, from which the pot is made. Without a door, the room cannot be entered, and without windows it is dark. Such is the utility of non-existence. Up to Index 12. THE REPRESSION OF DESIRES Through sight, the colours may be seen, but too much colour blinds us. Apprehending the tones of sound, too much sound might make us deaf, and too much flavour deadens taste. When hunting for sport, and chasing for pleasure, the mind easily becomes perplexed. He who collects treasures for himself more easily becomes anxious. The wise person fulfills his needs, rather than sensory temptations. Up to Index 13. UNMOVED AND UNMOVING The ordinary man seeks honour, not dishonour, cherishing success and abominating failure, loving life, whilst fearing death. The sage does not recognise these things, so lives his life quite simply. The ordinary man seeks to make himself the centre of his universe; the universe of the sage is at his centre. He loves the world, and thus remains unmoved by things with which others are concerned. He acts with humility, is neither moved nor moving, and can therefore be truste d in caring for all things. Up to Index 14. EXPERIENCING THE MYSTERY The Tao is abstract, and therefore has no form, it is neither bright in rising, nor dark in sinking, cannot be grasped, and makes no sound. Without form or image, without existence, the form of the formless, is beyond defining, cannot be described, and is beyond our understanding. It cannot be called by any name. Standing before it, it has no beginning; even when followed, it has no end. In the now, it exists; to the present apply it, follow it well, and reach its beginning. Up to Index 15. THE MANIFESTATION OF THE TAO IN MAN The sage of old was profound and wise; like a man at a ford, he took great care, alert, perceptive and aware. Desiring nothing for himself, and having no desire for change for its own sake, his actions were difficult to understand. Being watchful, he had no fear of danger; being responsive, he had no need of fear. He was courteous like a visiting guest, and as yiel ding as the springtime ice. Having no desires, he was untouched by craving. Receptive and mysterious, his knowledge was unfathomable, causing others to think him hesitant. Pure in heart, like uncut jade, he cleared the muddy water by leaving it alone. By remaining calm and active, the need for renewing is reduced. Up to Index 16. RETURNING TO THE ROOT It is only by means of being that non-being may be found. When society changes from its natural state of flux, to that which seems like chaos, the inner world of the superior man remains uncluttered and at peace. By remaining still, his self detatched, he aids society in its return to the way of nature and of peace. The value of his insight may be clearly seen when chaos ceases. Being one with the Tao is to be at peace, and to be in conflict with it, leads to chaos and dysfunction. When the consistency of the Tao is known, the mind is receptive to its states of change. It is by being at one with the Tao, t hat the sage holds no prejudice against his fellow man. If accepted as a leader of men, he is held in high esteem. Throughout his life, both being and non-being, the Tao protects him. Up to Index 17. LEADERSHIP BY EXCEPTION Man cannot comprehend the infinite; only knowing that the best exists, the second best is seen and praised, and the next, despised and feared. The sage does not expect that others use his criteria as their own. The existence of the leader who is wise is barely known to those he leads. He acts without unnecessary speech, so that the people say, It happened of its own accord. Up to Index 18. THE DECAY OF ETHICS When the way of the Tao is forgotten, kindness and ethics need to be taught; men learn to pretend to be wise and good. All too often in the lives of men, filial piety and devotion arise only after conflict and strife, just as loyal ministers all too often appear, when the people are suppressed. Up to Index 19. RETURNING TO NATU RALNESS It is better merely to live ones life, realizing ones potential, rather than wishing for sanctification. He who lives in filial piety and love has no need of ethical teaching. When cunning and profit are renounced, stealing and fraud will disappear. But ethics and kindness, and even wisdom, are insufficient in themselves. Better by far to see the simplicity of raw silks beauty and the uncarved block; to be one with onself, and with ones brother. It is better by far to be one with the Tao, developing selflessness, tempering desire, removing the wish, but being compassionate. Up to Index 20. BEING DIFFERENT FROM ORDINARY MEN The sage is often envied because others do not know that although he is nourished by the Tao, like them, he too is mortal. He who seeks wisdom is well advised to give up academic ways, and put an end to striving. Then he will learn that yes and no are distinguished only by distinction. It is to the advantage of the sage th at he does not fear what others fear, but it is to the advantage of others that they can enjoy the feast, or go walking, free of hindrance, through the terraced park in spring. The sage drifts like a cloud, having no specific place. Like a newborn babe before it smiles, he does not seek to communicate. In the eyes of those who have more than they need, the sage has nothing, and is a fool, prizing only that which of the Tao is born. The sage may seem to be perplexed, being neither bright nor clear, and to himself, sometimes he seems both dull and weak, confused and shy. Like the ocean at night, he is serene and quiet, but as penetrating as the winter wind. Up to Index 21. FINDING THE ESSENCE OF TAO The greatest virtue is to follow the Tao; how it achieves ! without contriving. The essence of Tao is dark and mysterious, having, itself, no image or form. Yet through its non-being, are found image and form. The essence of Tao is deep and unfathomable, yet it may be known by not trying to know. Up to Index 22. YIELDING TO MAINTAIN INTEGRITY Yield, and maintain integrity. To bend is to be upright; to be empty is to be full. Those who have little have much to gain, but those who have much may be confused by possessions. The wise man embraces the all encompassing; he is unaware of himself, and so has brilliance; not defending himself, he gains distinction; not seeking fame, he receives recognition; not making false claims, he does not falter; and not being quarrelsome, is in conflict with no one. This is why it was said by the sages of old, Yield, and maintain integrity; be whole, and all things come to you. Up to Index 23. ACCEPTING THE IRREVOCABLE Natures way is to say but little; high winds are made still with the turn of the tide, and rarely last all morning, nor heavy rain, all day. Therefore, when talking, remember also to be silent and still. He who follows the natural way is always one with the Tao. H e who is virtuous may experience virtue, whilst he who loses the natural way is easily lost himself. He who is at one with the Tao is at one with nature, and virtue always exists for he who has virtue. To accept the irrevocable is to let go of desire. He who does not have trust in others should not himself be trusted. 24. EXCESS He who stretches beyond his natural reach, does not stand firmly upon the ground; just as he who travels at a speed beyond his means, cannot maintain his pace. He who boasts is not enlightened, and he who is self-righteous does not gain respect from those who are meritous; thus, he gains nothing, and will fall into disrepute. Since striving, boasting and self-righteousness, are all unnecessary traits, the sage considers them excesses, and has no need of them. Up to Index 25. THE CREATIVE PRINCIPLE OF TAO The creative principle unifies the inner and external worlds. It does not depend on time or space, is ever still and yet in motion; thereby it creates all things, and is therefore called the creative and the absolute; its ebb and its flow extend to infinity. We describe the Tao as being great; we describe the universe as great; nature too, we describe as great, and man himself is great. Mans laws should follow natural laws, just as nature gives rise to physical laws, whilst following from universal law, which follows the Tao. Up to Index 26. CENTRING The natural way is the way of the sage, serving as his dwelling, providing his centre deep within, whether in his home or journeying. Even when he travels far, he is not separate from his own true nature. Maintaining awareness of natural beauty, he still does not forget his purpose. Although he may dwell in a grand estate, simplicity remains his guide, for he is full aware, that losing it, his roots as well would disappear. So he is not restless, lest he loses the natural way. Similarly, the peoples leader is not flippant i n his role, nor restless, for these could cause the loss of the roots of leadership. Up to Index 27. FOLLOWING THE TAO The sage follows the natural way, doing what is required of him. Like an experienced tracker, he leaves no tracks; like a good speaker, his speech is fluent; He makes no error, so needs no tally; like a good door, which needs no lock, he is open when it is required of him, and closed at other times; like a good binding, he is secure, without the need of borders. Knowing that virtue may grow from example, this is the way in which the sage teaches, abandoning no one who stops to listen. Thus, from experience of the sage, all might learn, and so might gain. There is mutual respect twixt teacher and pupil, for, without respect, there would be confusion. Up to Index 28. RETAINING INTEGRITY Whilst developing creativity, also cultivate receptivity. Retain the mind like that of a child, which flows like running water. When considering any thing, do not lose its opposite. When thinking of the finite, do not forget infinity; Act with honour, but retain humility. By acting according to the way of the Tao, set others an example. By retaining the integrity of the inner and external worlds, true selfhood is maintained, and the inner world made fertile. Up to Index 29. TAKING NO ACTION The external world is fragile, and he who meddles with its natural way, risks causing damage to himself. He who tries to grasp it, thereby loses it. It is natural for things to change, sometimes being ahead, sometimes behind. There are times when even breathing may be difficult, whereas its natural state is easy. Sometimes one is strong, and sometimes weak, sometimes healthy, and sometimes sick, sometimes is first, and at other times behind. The sage does not try to change the world by force, for he knows that force results in force. He avoids extremes and excesses, and does not become complacent. Up to Index 30. A CAVEAT AGAINST VIOLENCE When leading by the way of the Tao, abominate the use of force, for it causes resistance, and loss of strength, showing the Tao has not been followed well. Achieve results but not through violence, for it is against the natural way, and damages both others and ones own true self. The harvest is destroyed in the wake of a great war, and weeds grow in the fields in the wake of the army. The wise leader achieves results, but does not glory in them; is not proud of his victories, and does not boast of them. He knows that boasting is not the natural way, and that he who goes against that way, will fail in his endeavours. Up to Index 31. MAINTAINING PEACE Weapons of war are instruments of fear, and are abhorred by those who follow the Tao. The leader who follows the natural way does not abide them. The warrior king leans to his right, from whence there comes his generals advice, but the peaceful king looks to his left, where sits his cou nsellor of peace. When he looks to his left, it is a time of peace, and when to the right, a time for sorrow. Weapons of war are instruments of fear, and are not favoured by the wise, who use them only when there is no choice, for peace and stillness are dear to their hearts, and victory causes them no rejoicing. To rejoice in victory is to delight in killing; to delight in killing is to have no self-being. The conduct of war is that of a funeral; when people are killed, it is a time of mourning. This is why even victorious battle should be observed without rejoicing. Up to Index 32. IF THE TAO WERE OBSERVED The Tao is eternal, but does not have fame; like the uncarved block, its worth seems small, though its value to man is beyond all measure. Were it definable, it could then be used to obviate conflict, and the need to teach the way of the Tao; all men would abide in the peace of the Tao; sweet dew would descend to nourish the earth. When the Tao is divided , there is a need for names, for, like the block which is carved, its parts then are seen. By stopping in time from torment and conflict, strife is defeated, and danger averted. The people then seek the wisdom of Tao, just as all Against Cloning Essay